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          <!---->
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        </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-3ba18f14><main class="page"><div class="page-title" style="display:none;"><h1 class="title"></h1> <div data-v-5d8dbdb4><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-5d8dbdb4><span data-v-5d8dbdb4>海星</span></i> <!----> <!----> <!----></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default" style="display:none;"><blockquote><p>文章收录在 GitHub <a href="https://github.com/Jstarfish/JavaKeeper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JavaKeeper<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> ，N线互联网开发必备技能兵器谱</p></blockquote> <p>在软件系统中经常会有这样的需求：如果一个对象的状态发生改变，某些与它相关的对象也要随之做出相应的变化。</p> <p><img src="https://i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com/56adb9635c84ff9f" alt="img"></p> <ul><li>微信公众号，如果一个用户订阅了某个公众号，那么便会收到公众号发来的消息，那么，公众号就是『被观察者』，而用户就是『观察者』</li> <li>气象站可以将每天预测到的温度、湿度、气压等以公告的形式发布给各种第三方网站，如果天气数据有更新，要能够实时的通知给第三方，这里的气象局就是『被观察者』，第三方网站就是『观察者』</li> <li>MVC 模式中的模型与视图的关系也属于观察与被观察</li></ul> <p>观察者模式是使用频率较高的设计模式之一。</p> <p><img src="https://img01.sogoucdn.com/app/a/100520093/e18d20c94006dfe0-9eef65073f0f6be0-688789934e19c96097ccf76b41f77cf4.jpg" alt=""></p> <p>观察者模式包含观察目标和观察者两类对象，一个目标可以有任意数目的与之相依赖的观察者，一旦观察目标的状态发生改变，所有的观察者都将得到通知。</p> <h2 id="定义"><a href="#定义" class="header-anchor">#</a> 定义</h2> <p><strong>观察者模式(Observer Pattern)</strong>： 定义对象间一种一对多的依赖关系，使得当每一个对象改变状态，则所有依赖于它的对象都会得到通知并自动更新。</p> <p>观察者模式是一种<strong>对象行为型模式</strong>。</p> <p>观察者模式的别名包括发布-订阅（Publish/Subscribe）模式、模型-视图（Model/View）模式、源-监听器（Source/Listener）模式或从属者（Dependents）模式。</p> <p>细究的话，发布订阅和观察者有些不同，可以理解成发布订阅模式属于广义上的观察者模式。</p> <p><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/00831rSTly1gcyfkrn2s3j30ip0badgh.jpg" alt="img"></p> <h2 id="角色"><a href="#角色" class="header-anchor">#</a> 角色</h2> <ul><li><p><strong>Subject（目标）</strong>：被观察者，它是指被观察的对象。 从类图中可以看到，类中有一个用来存放观察者对象的Vector 容器（之所以使用Vector而不使用List，是因为多线程操作时，Vector在是安全的，而List则是不安全的），这个Vector容器是被观察者类的核心，另外还有三个方法：attach方法是向这个容器中添加观察者对象；detach方法是从容器中移除观察者对象；notify方法是依次调用观察者对象的对应方法。这个角色可以是接口，也可以是抽象类或者具体的类，因为很多情况下会与其他的模式混用，所以使用抽象类的情况比较多。</p></li> <li><p><strong>ConcreteSubject（具体目标）</strong>：具体目标是目标类的子类，通常它包含经常发生改变的数据，当它的状态发生改变时，向它的各个观察者发出通知。同时它还实现了在目标类中定义的抽象业务逻辑方法（如果有的话）。如果无须扩展目标类，则具体目标类可以省略。</p></li> <li><p><strong>Observer（观察者）</strong>：观察者将对观察目标的改变做出反应，观察者一般定义为<strong>接口</strong>，该接口声明了更新数据的方法 <code>update()</code>，因此又称为<strong>抽象观察者</strong>。</p></li> <li><p><strong>ConcreteObserver（具体观察者）</strong>：在具体观察者中维护一个指向具体目标对象的引用，它存储具体观察者的有关状态，这些状态需要和具体目标的状态保持一致；它实现了在抽象观察者 Observer 中定义的 update()方法。通常在实现时，可以调用具体目标类的 attach() 方法将自己添加到目标类的集合中或通过 detach() 方法将自己从目标类的集合中删除。</p></li></ul> <h2 id="类图"><a href="#类图" class="header-anchor">#</a> 类图</h2> <p><img src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/00831rSTly1gcxwtvpenhj311t0lnacu.jpg" alt=""></p> <p>再记录下 UML 类图的注意事项，这里我的 Subject 是<strong>抽象方法</strong>，所以用***斜体***，抽象方法也要用斜体，具体的各种箭头意义，我之前也总结过《设计模式前传——学设计模式前你要知道这些》（被网上各种帖子毒害过的自己，认真记录~~~）。</p> <h2 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 实例</h2> <p>1、定义观察者接口</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">Observer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>2、定义被观察者</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">abstract</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Subject</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Vector</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Observer</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> obs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vector</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">addObserver</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Observer</span> obs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>obs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">delObserver</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Observer</span> obs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>obs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">notifyObserver</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Observer</span> o<span class="token operator">:</span> obs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            o<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">abstract</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doSomething</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>3、具体的被观察者</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ConcreteSubject</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Subject</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doSomething</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;被观察者事件发生改变&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">notifyObserver</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>4、具体的观察者</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ConcreteObserver1</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Observer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;观察者1收到信息，并进行处理&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ConcreteObserver2</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Observer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;观察者2收到信息，并进行处理&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>5、客户端</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Client</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">Subject</span> sub <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ConcreteSubject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        sub<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addObserver</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ConcreteObserver1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//添加观察者1</span>
        sub<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addObserver</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ConcreteObserver2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//添加观察者2</span>
        sub<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">doSomething</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>输出</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>被观察者事件发生改变
观察者1收到信息，并进行处理
观察者2收到信息，并进行处理
</code></pre></div><p>通过运行结果可以看到，我们只调用了 <code>Subject</code> 的方法，但同时两个观察者的相关方法都被调用了。仔细看一下代码，其实很简单，就是在 <code>Subject</code> 类中关联一下 <code>Observer</code> 类，并且在 <code>doSomething()</code> 方法中遍历一下 <code>Observer</code> 的 <code>update()</code> 方法就行了。</p> <h2 id="优缺点"><a href="#优缺点" class="header-anchor">#</a> 优缺点</h2> <h4 id="优点"><a href="#优点" class="header-anchor">#</a> 优点</h4> <ul><li>降低了目标与观察者之间的耦合关系，两者之间是抽象耦合关系</li> <li>目标与观察者之间建立了一套触发机制</li> <li>支持广播通信</li> <li>符合“开闭原则”的要求</li></ul> <h4 id="缺点"><a href="#缺点" class="header-anchor">#</a> 缺点</h4> <ul><li>目标与观察者之间的依赖关系并没有完全解除，而且有可能出现循环引用</li> <li>当观察者对象很多时，通知的发布会花费很多时间，影响程序的效率</li></ul> <h2 id="应用"><a href="#应用" class="header-anchor">#</a> 应用</h2> <h3 id="jdk中的观察者模式"><a href="#jdk中的观察者模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> JDK中的观察者模式</h3> <p>观察者模式在 Java 语言中的地位非常重要。在 JDK 的 java.util 包中，提供了 Observable 类以及 Observer 接口，它们构成了 JDK 对观察者模式的支持（可以去查看下源码，写的比较严谨）。but，在 Java9 被弃用了。</p> <h3 id="spring-中的观察者模式"><a href="#spring-中的观察者模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> Spring 中的观察者模式</h3> <p>Spring 事件驱动模型也是观察者模式很经典的应用。就是我们常见的项目中最常见的事件监听器。</p> <h4 id="_1-spring-中观察者模式的四个角色"><a href="#_1-spring-中观察者模式的四个角色" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. Spring 中观察者模式的四个角色</h4> <ol><li><p><strong>事件：ApplicationEvent</strong> 是所有事件对象的父类。ApplicationEvent 继承自 jdk 的 EventObject, 所有的事件都需要继承 ApplicationEvent, 并且通过 source 得到事件源。</p> <p>Spring 也为我们提供了很多内置事件，<code>ContextRefreshedEvent</code>、<code>ContextStartedEvent</code>、<code>ContextStoppedEvent</code>、<code>ContextClosedEvent</code>、<code>RequestHandledEvent</code>。</p></li> <li><p><strong>事件监听：ApplicationListener</strong>，也就是观察者，继承自 jdk 的 EventListener，该类中只有一个方法 onApplicationEvent。当监听的事件发生后该方法会被执行。</p></li> <li><p><strong>事件源：ApplicationContext</strong>，<code>ApplicationContext</code> 是 Spring 中的核心容器，在事件监听中 ApplicationContext 可以作为事件的发布者，也就是事件源。因为 ApplicationContext 继承自 ApplicationEventPublisher。在 <code>ApplicationEventPublisher</code> 中定义了事件发布的方法：<code>publishEvent(Object event)</code></p></li> <li><p><strong>事件管理：ApplicationEventMulticaster</strong>，用于事件监听器的注册和事件的广播。监听器的注册就是通过它来实现的，它的作用是把 Applicationcontext 发布的 Event 广播给它的监听器列表。</p></li></ol> <h4 id="_2-coding"><a href="#_2-coding" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. coding~~~~~~</h4> <p>1、定义事件</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyEvent</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">ApplicationEvent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Object</span> source<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;my Event&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>2、实现事件监听器</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Component</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyListenerA</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">ApplicationListener</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MyEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">onApplicationEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyEvent</span> <span class="token class-name">AyEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ListenerA received&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Component</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyListenerB</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">ApplicationListener</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">MyEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">onApplicationEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyEvent</span> <span class="token class-name">AyEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ListenerB received&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>3、事件发布者</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Component</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyPublisher</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">ApplicationContextAware</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">ApplicationContext</span> applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ApplicationContext</span> applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">BeansException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>applicationContext<span class="token operator">=</span>applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">publishEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ApplicationEvent</span> event<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;publish event&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publishEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>event<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>4、测试，先用注解方式将 MyPublisher 注入 Spring</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Configuration</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ComponentScan</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AppConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Bean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;myPublisher&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyPublisher</span> <span class="token function">myPublisher</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MyPublisher</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Client</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token class-name">ApplicationContext</span> context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">AppConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">MyPublisher</span> myPublisher <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyPublisher</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;myPublisher&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        myPublisher<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publishEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MyEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>5、输出</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>my Event
publish event
ListenerA received
ListenerB received
</code></pre></div><h2 id="瞎扯"><a href="#瞎扯" class="header-anchor">#</a> 瞎扯</h2> <p>设计模式真的只是一种设计思想，不需要非得有多个观察者才可以用观察者模式，只有一个观察者，我也要用。</p> <p>再举个栗子，我是做广告投放的嘛（广告投放的商品文件一般为 xml），假如我的广告位有些空闲流量，这我得利用起来呀，所以我就从淘宝客或者拼夕夕的多多客上通过开放的 API 获取一些，这个时候我也可以用观察者模式，每次请求 10 万条商品，我就生成一个新的商品文件，这个时候我也可以用观察者模式，获取商品的类是被观察者，写商品文件的是观察者，当商品够10万条了，就通知观察者重新写到一个新的文件。</p> <p>大佬可能觉这么实现有点费劲，不用设计模式也好，或者用消息队列也好，其实都只是一种手段，选择适合自己业务的，开心就好。</p> <h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考</h2> <p>https://design-patterns.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/behavioral_patterns/observer.html</p> <p>https://www.cnblogs.com/jmcui/p/11054756.html</p> <p><img src="https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2020/3/20/170f5beacffbc730?w=750&amp;h=390&amp;f=jpeg&amp;s=29031" alt=""></p></div> <footer class="page-edit" style="display:none;"><!----> <!----></footer> <!----> <!----> <!----></main> <!----></div></div></div></div><div class="global-ui"><div class="back-to-ceiling" style="right:1rem;bottom:6rem;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;border-radius:.25rem;line-height:2.5rem;display:none;" data-v-db14854a data-v-db14854a><svg t="1574745035067" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5404" class="icon" data-v-db14854a><path d="M526.60727968 10.90185116a27.675 27.675 0 0 0-29.21455937 0c-131.36607665 82.28402758-218.69155461 228.01873535-218.69155402 394.07834331a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959153 69.94390903c1.00431239 6.55289093-0.34802892 13.13561351-3.76865779 18.80351572-32.63518765 54.11355614-51.75690182 118.55860487-51.7569018 187.94566865a371.06718723 371.06718723 0 0 0 11.50484808 91.98906777c6.53300375 25.50556257 41.68394495 28.14064038 52.69160883 4.22606766 17.37162448-37.73630017 42.14135425-72.50938081 72.80769204-103.21549295 2.18761121 3.04276886 4.15646224 6.24463696 6.40373557 9.22774369a1871.4375 1871.4375 0 0 0 140.04691725 5.34970492 1866.36093723 1866.36093723 0 0 0 140.04691723-5.34970492c2.24727335-2.98310674 4.21612437-6.18497483 6.3937923-9.2178004 30.66633723 30.70611158 55.4360664 65.4791928 72.80769147 103.21549355 11.00766384 23.91457269 46.15860503 21.27949489 52.69160879-4.22606768a371.15156223 371.15156223 0 0 0 11.514792-91.99901164c0-69.36717486-19.13165746-133.82216804-51.75690182-187.92578088-3.42062944-5.66790279-4.76302748-12.26056868-3.76865837-18.80351632a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959269-69.943909c-0.00994388-166.08943902-87.32547796-311.81420293-218.6915546-394.09823051zM605.93803103 357.87693858a93.93749974 93.93749974 0 1 1-187.89594924 6.1e-7 93.93749974 93.93749974 0 0 1 187.89594924-6.1e-7z" p-id="5405" data-v-db14854a></path><path d="M429.50777625 765.63860547C429.50777625 803.39355007 466.44236686 1000.39046097 512.00932183 1000.39046097c45.56695499 0 82.4922232-197.00623328 82.5015456-234.7518555 0-37.75494459-36.9345906-68.35043303-82.4922232-68.34111062-45.57627738-0.00932239-82.52019037 30.59548842-82.51086798 68.34111062z" p-id="5406" data-v-db14854a></path></svg></div><!----></div></div>
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